For decades, scientists have been using the probability value, commonly known as p-value, to test the significance of their findings. The p-value falls from 0 to 1, and the lower the number, the ...

If you cast a wide enough net, you’ll find what looks like a prize-winning fish. But you’ll also catch a lot of seaweed, plastic debris, and maybe even a dolphin you didn’t mean to bring in. Such is ...

In statistics, p̂ represents the sample proportion or the estimated proportion of a population that possesses a certain characteristic or attribute. It's a point estimate derived from sample data used ...

The pursuit of science is designed to search for significance in a maze of data. At least, that’s how it’s supposed to work. To support or refute a hypothesis, the goal is to establish statistical ...

A small p-value often means the observed data effect is statistically significant. Set a significance level to compare with the p-value to validate investment hypotheses. Utilizing p-values in Excel ...

We present an importance sampling method for deciding, based on an observed random field, if a scan statistic provides significant evidence of increased activity in some localized region of time or ...

When testing new treatments, drugmakers must show that their formulation bears out better results than a placebo in clinical trials. In fact, the new drug must outperform the placebo by a ...

In statistical practice P-values are regularly used to express the amount of evidence in the data, but there is no agreement on how to compute two-sided P-values when the sampling distributions are ...