Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. I write about how fintech is disrupting the financial industry. During periods of high-usage, the 'Layer 1' Ethereum blockchain ...

ZK-Rollups and Optimistic Rollups are two important Layer-2 scaling solutions designed to improve the performance of blockchains like Ethereum. They handle transactions off-chain to reduce fees and ...

Ethereum ecosystem scaling has moved from theory to actual production-grade infrastructure. Optimistic Rollups, ZK Rollups, major Layer 1 upgrades like The Merge and The Dencun upgrade (EIP-4844), and ...

Bitcoin and other blockchains are robust and decentralized systems, but they do not scale. In order to make them work, a layered approach is necessary. Bitcoin, and for that matter all blockchains, do ...

Cardano (ADA) is taking an important step forward on the path of scalability, as Input Output Global (IOG) recently revealed the extensive Layer-2 ecosystem comprising of protocols such as Hydra, ...

Base is an Ethereum Layer 2 network developed by Coinbase that uses optimistic rollups to execute transactions off-chain while settling and securing them on Ethereum. As Ethereum activity increasingly ...

Vitalik Buterin said the original rollup-centric roadmap, which positioned layer-2s as the primary way Ethereum would scale, “no longer makes sense.” This is because, first, progress among layer-2s ...