The broader message is unsettling and clarifying at once. Human childbirth is risky, but it may not be uniquely risky. Instead, the research suggests that difficult birth is part of a wider mammalian ...

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3D simulation of the birth canal of chimpanzees with (B) the fetal head in a fully extended position, the typical head alignment in apes, and (C) the fetal head in a fully flexed position, the usual ...

For centuries, childbirth’s pain was explained as punishment; more recently, as the evolutionary price of walking upright and bearing large-brained babies. But if difficult birth occurs across ...

Human childbirth is commonly viewed as uniquely difficult and dangerous. The reason: the combination of bipedalism and large brains creates a tight fit between the baby and the birth canal. Research ...