Dependent variables change based on other inputs in financial models, affecting investment outcomes. Independent variables like earnings affect dependent variables, influencing metrics like P/E ratios ...

In the first case, there is a strong upward-sloping relationship between X and Y; in the second case, no apparent relationship; in the third case, a strong downward-sloping relationship. Note the ...

Research Methods in Psychology is a standard required course in pretty much any psychology major. In our department at SUNY New Paltz, this is a four-credit class with a large laboratory component.