First-line treatment for cervical dystonia is usually neuromodulator (botulinum toxin) injections, but additional treatments can include oral medications, surgery, and complementary therapies.

Injections for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) refer to two treatments that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved for SMA: nusinersen (Spinraza) and onasemnogene abeparovec-xioi (Zolgensma ...

Treating curvature of the spine as an adult often involves pain relief medications, exercise, or spinal injections to soothe symptoms. Surgery may only be necessary for adults with severe curvature or ...

Epidural anesthetic or steroid injections, nerve blocks, and related interventions are commonly used to treat chronic back pain. This review found no solid evidence showing that these interventions ...

Epidural steroid shots for back pain had mixed results, an AAN review showed. The treatment demonstrated promising short-term benefits for radiculopathy patients. In other situations, benefits were ...

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